•Conservation Régionale de l’Archéologie, Toulouse, and the Mayor and Commune of Aventignan for permission to work in Gargas Cave.
•Marie-Paule Abadie and Nicolas Ferrer of Gargas Cave, for discussions and guiding us in their caves.
•Union Institute and University, for financial support through its faculty research grants.
•Robert Bednarik, Jean Clottes, Francesco d’Errico, Sandor Gallus,* Michel Lorblanchet, Alexander Marshack,* and Hallam Movius Jr.,* for discussions and support over many years (* = deceased).