AR105. 9 June 2008
Copyright © 2008 by Kevin Sharpe and Leslie Van Gelder. All rights reserved.
In process. **Major paper on Tectiforms for Science/Nature or Antiquity/CAJ / French journal**

 

The Tectiforms in Rouffignac Cave, France: A Forensic and Internal Analysis

 

by

Kevin Sharpe

Graduate College, Union Institute & University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Harris Manchester College, Oxford University, UK
 
 10 Shirelake Close, Oxford OX1 1SN, United Kingdom
ksharpe@ksharpe.com
www.ksharpe.com

 

and

Leslie Van Gelder

College of Education, Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
 
10 Shirelake Close, Oxford OX1 1SN, United Kingdom
leslievg@ksharpe.com


ABSTRACT.

 

KEY WORDS.

 

CONTENTS.

Introduction. 3

Methodology. 3

Results. 3

Discussion and Conclusions. 4

Acknowledgements. 6

References. 6

 


 

Introduction

·         Young children make symbols in the U.P. see other papers incl. AR 104.

·         Build on and in some ways include AR104.

·          

·         History of tectiform discussion: Nougier, Breuil, Barrière, Plassard x2 (including his recent study). Also in other caves (incl. Breuil’s suggestion in Gargas).

·         Need #s and photos and locations of all tectiforms.

·         ?any definition of a tectiform that would include the new ones?

Methodology

·         I need to do a good restatement of our methodology and terminology as it has now become, including the use of 1 or 2 fingers for width (note: error margin; assume what the 1 and 2 fingers are). Also need to include the deciphering of family members. Also the social interactions among the fluters (by, e.g., holding others up; use of nonuse of torches).

·         How do the symbols function (not what they might mean).

·         Analytical studies: Marshack’s internal analysis; our forensic analysis (our past publications on this).

·         Do these two studies on the tectiforms of Rouffignac Cave.

·         Is there a quantitative way of giving a profile?

·          

Results

·         Details of all Rouffignac tectiforms from two studies

·         Age plus gender for all (also put in discussion and conclusions).

·         Is the child 28 one (#262) different in that the horizontals go under the verticals?

Tectiforms 35-36:

·         LH one done by 34/or 31.

o       2 fingers (including RH index) ~12 mm.

o       1 finger (index) ~9 mm.

o       126 cm above floor.

·         RH one done by 41.

o       2 fingers (RH including index) ~26 mm.

o       1 finger ~13mm.

o       146 cm above floor.

·                     Tectiform in Chamber E:

o       Body done by 38, i.e., not 41.

o       But 2 units in top right:

o       RH one 2=26; but on tectiform 2=25. LH one splayed.

·          

Discussion and Conclusions

·         The cultural explosion of the Upper Palaeolithic saw rapid developments in artefacts, both functional and symbolic. The latter are now almost universally agreed to imply the maturation of language too, for - as Terence Deacon in particular has extensively argued - language is hinged upon symbolism. Indisputably the most powerful and compelling ||| examples of Palaeolithic symbolic imagery are the cave paintings. (Spurway 2006: 16-17 on Wentzel)

·         Tectiforms: if same structure; same finger width? Done by same person? Signature? Use Frédéric Plassard’s work when it comes out.

·         Look into the widths/identities of the tectiform makers. If they are different, what does that say about it as a unit of meaning? (Chamber E = 34 mm; Rhino panel = 38 mm.)

·         Build up on the tectiform by the ‘lion’ implies energy/speed/pressure applied. Very little build up elsewhere implies slowness and deliberateness of the flutings.

·         Frédéric etc.’s work on this.

·         Children; different for each of them individually and each do the same.

·         Could be names (is this a symbol? Or more than a symbol?)

·         Cf. engraved tectiforms.

o       Different individuals, each doing the same.

o       Different individuals, each doing different variations.

o       Ages and gender.

o       Significance/intention/meaning: signatures? Symbols?

o       Relationship to engraved tectiforms: Les Combraelles, etc.

o       Social symbols (see AR104)

·         How do the symbols function (not what they might mean).

·         Ages and genders – suggested.

·         Structures (from internal analyses): see FP’s discussion.

·         More to do.

·         The 5 or 6 tectiforms we've looked at so far are made (I think) by different people but each is made by one person. All are different structures. Compare with Frederic Plassard's results.

·         Tectiforms being possibly self-portraits -- and the one with many fluters may be that of the band.

·         A cross over from flutings to engravings: Frederic Plassard -- 4 lines in the verticals of tectiforms he thinks is significant, in both engraved and fluted tectiforms. Is this a key? It could help bridge between flutings and engravings by e.g., suggesting that the engravings emulate the flutings.

·         Why don’t the crayon artists and engravers draw tectiforms (since they come in both forms and other caves)? Why are they only fluted?

·         Why not scribbles as protosymbols? Suppose a person does verticals, zigzags, etc. all by the same person. If so, not protosymbols or adults on the A1 ceiling.

·         What does this contribute to the study of tectiforms? Refutes some speculations; adds information on some tectiform fluters. How does it add to Plassard’s results?

·         Any future research questions to come out of this? E.g., anything re names? Anything re engraved tectiforms?

·         Other interpretations: Barrière, Nougier, Leroi Gourhan, etc.?

·         What further work on these fluters?

Acknowledgements

 

References